Harry T. Hays
07-08-2016, 03:32 AM
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Welcome to the Louisiana Militia
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Mustered in 889 men under Colonel Henry B. Kelly, Lt. Colonel Francis Nicholls and Major John Baptiste Eugene Prados. Seven companies mustered in for the duration of the war and the remaining three for three months.
July 17 Six companies of the regiment arrived at Manassas and were assigned to the brigade of Brigadier General Milledge Bonham.
July 21
Battle of Manassas (Bull Run)
Reserve Guard. Attached to 1st Louisiana Brigade.
October 21 The regiment was brigaded under Brigadier General Taylor with the 6th, 7th and 9th Louisiana Infantry Regiments and Wheat’s Battalion and was assigned to Ewell’s Division.
Winter Northern Virginia
1862
April Major Prados was defeated during the reorganization.
May
Shenandoah Valley Campaign
Attached to Taylor’s Louisiana Brigade of Ewell’s Division, which joined Jackson’s Army of the Valley in the Shenandoah.
May 7 Adjutant Trevanion D. Lewis was appointed major
May 23 Capture of Front Royal
May 25
First Battle of Winchester
Lt. Colonel Nicholls lost his left arm. Major Lewis took over command of the regiment.
May 30 Part of the regiment was captured at Front Royal.
June 1 Mount Caramel
June 8-9
Battles of Cross Keys and Port Republic
The regiment lost 9 men killed and 37 wounded
Seven Days Battles
The regiment lost 15 men killed and 69 wounded
June 27
Battle of Gaines’ Mill
July 1
Battle of Malvern Hill
August 9
Battle of Cedar Mountain
August 27-28 Bristoe Station and Kettle Run
August 29
Second Battle of Manassas
September 1
Battle of Chantilly
Maryland Campaign
The regiment lost 91 men as casualties
September 12-15
Siege and Capture of Harpers Ferry
September 17
Battle of Sharpsburg (Antietam)
Commanded by Major Tevannion D. Lewis. The regiment lost 103 casualties. Major Lewis was wounded.
October 15 Lt. Colonel Nicholls was promoted to brigadier general. Major Lewis was promoted to lieutenant colonel and Captain Alcibiades de Blanc was promoted to major
December 13
Battle of Fredericksburg
The regiment was in reserve and suffered no casualties
1863
January 19 Jubal Early was promoted to Major General. He had been commanding Ewell’s Division since Alexander Lawton was wounded at Sharpsburg. The division would be known afterwards as Early’s Division.
April 6 Colonel Kelly, who had frequently been absent due to illness, transferred to Military Court. Lieutenant Colonel Lewis was promoted to colonel, Major De Blanc promoted to lieutenant colonel and Captain German A. Lester of Company E to major.
May 3-4
Marye’s Heights and Salem Church (Chancellorsville Campaign)
The regiment lost 12 killed and 71 wounded. Colonel Lewis was captured, Lieutenant Colonel DeBlanc was captured at Banks Ford and Major Lester was wounded.
May 18 Colonel Lewis and Lieutenant Colonel De Blanc were paroled from Old Capitol Prison and rejoined the regiment.
June 13
Second Battle of Winchester
Hay’s Brigade circled around the west side of Winchester and assaulted the Star Fort on the northwest side of town. The 6th, 7th and 9th were in the front line with the 5th and 8th in support as the brigade stormed the fort, capturing its artillery and driving off the defenders. Captain Albert DeJean was killed.
July 1-3
Battle of Gettysburg
The regiment was commanded by Colonel Trevanion D. Lewis and brought 296 men to the field. On July 1st it helped crush the Union Eleventh Corps north of Gettysburg. It lost heavily in the July 2 evening attack on Cemetery Hill, losing its colors, 14 men killed, 50 wounded and 11 captured. Colonel Lewis, Captain Victor St. Martin and Lieutenant A. Randolph were killed and Lt. Colonel DeBlanc was wounded. Major German A. Lester took command of the regiment after the attack.
July Lieutenant Colonel De Blanc was promoted to Colonel while in the hospital at Lynchburg. He would not be able to return to the regiment. Major Lester was promoted to lieutenant colonel.
October 9-22 Battle of Bristoe Station
November 7
Battle of Rapahannock Station
The regiment was part of two brigades defending a bridgehead on the north bank of the Rappahannock River that was overrun in a rare night attack. Over 1,600 Confederate prisoners were taken from the eight understrength regiments defending the bridgehead, with only a few men swimming across the river at their backs. Of the 1200 men of Hays’ Louisiana Brigade, 699 were captured. The 8th Louisiana lost 162 men captured.
November-December Mine Run Campaign
1864
March 500 of the 699 men from the brigade captured at Rappahannock Station were exchanged and returned to duty
May 5
Battle of the WIlderness
May 8 The regiment with the rest of Hays’ Brigade was transferred to Johnson’s Division.
May 12
Battle of Spotsylvania Court House
The regiment fought in the defense of the Mule Shoe
June 1-3
Battle of Cold Harbor
Lieutenant Colonel Lester was killed on June 1
June Lynchburg Campaign
June The regiment moved to the Shenandoah Valley with the Second Corps to become part of Early’s Army of the Valley.
June 1864 Early’s Shenandoah Valley Campaign
Assigned to Hays’ Brigade (Colonel William R. Peck commanding) of Brigadier General Zebulon York’s Consolidated Louisiana Brigade in Gordon’s Division of the Army of the Valley
July 9
Battle of Monocacy
Commanded by Captain Louis Prados
August 15 Lieutenant Colonel De Blanc transferred to the Invalid Corps.
August 25 Shepherdstown
September 19
Third Battle of Winchester
September 21-22
Battle of Fisher’s Hill
October 19
Battle of Cedar Creek
October The ten regiments of the Louisiana brigade were reorganized as a battalion of six companies with less than 500 men, although it would continue to be referred to as a brigade. Colonel Raine Peck (at 6’3″ and 300 pounds known as “Big Peck”) was given command of the brigade.
December The regiment left the Army of the Valley and returned to the Petersburg defences with the remnants of the Second Corps
1865
January-March Siege of Petersburg
February 5-7
Battle of Hatcher’s Run
February 18 Colonel Peck promotd to brigadier general and transferred to the Western Theater. Colonel Eugene Waggaman of the 10th Louisiana was given command of the brigade of 400 men
March 25
Battle of Fort Stedman
April 2
Final Assault on Petersburg
April 6
Battle of Sayler’s Creek
April 9
Appomattox Court House
The regiment surrendered 3 officers and 54 enlisted men. The entire brigade ony had 373 men.
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Organization: Organized as the 22nd Infantry Regiment at New Orleans on March 28, 1862. This regiment serves as heavy artillery throughout its existence. Reorganized with four companies at Camp Moore on May 24, 1862. Reduced to two companies in July 1862. The four companies were reconstituted in November 1862. Increased to five companies in December 1862. Designated as the 21st Infantry Regiment ca. January 1863. Regiment surrendered at Vicksburg, Warren County, Mississippi on July 4, 1863. Paroled at Vicksburg, Warren County, Mississippi in July 1863. Declared exchanged on September 12, 1863. Consolidated with those portions of the 3rd, 17th, 22nd (Theard's-Herrick's), 26th, 27th, 29th, and 31st Infantry Regiments east of the Mississippi River and designated as the 22nd Consolidated Infantry Regiment at Enterprise, Mississippi on January 26, 1864. This regiment became Companies I & K of the new regiment.
First Commander: Martin L. Smith, COL [promoted BG, April 11, 1862]
Field Officers: Edward Higgins, LTC, COL [April 11, 1862; transferred ?]; Edward Ivy, MAJ, LTC [April 11, 1862; transferred ?]; Isaac W. Patton, COL [?]; John T. Plattsmier, LTC [?]; George Purvis, MAJ [April 11, 1862]; Richard L. Robertson, MAJ [?]
Assignments: Coast Defenses, Department #1 (Mar-May 62); Department #1 (May 62); Defenses of Vicksburg, Department #1 (May-Jun 62); Department of Southern Mississippi and East Louisiana (Jun-Jul 62); 2nd/3rd Sub-district, District of the Mississippi, Department #2 (Jul-Oct 62); Department of Mississippi and East Louisiana (Oct 62); 2nd Military District, Department of Mississippi and East Louisiana (Oct-Dec 62); Higgins' Brigade, Lee's Provisional Division, 2nd Military District, Department of Mississippi and East Louisiana (Dec 62); Lee's Brigade, 2nd Military District, Department of Mississippi and East Louisiana (Dec 62-Jan 63); Lee's Brigade, Smith's Division, 2nd Military District, Department of Mississippi and East Louisiana (Jan-Feb 63); HEBERT's Brigade, Maury's Division, 2nd Military District, Department of Mississippi and East Louisiana (Mar-Apr 63); HEBERT's Brigade, Maury's Division, Department of Mississippi and East Louisiana (Apr-Jul 63); Mackall's Brigade, Forney's Division (Nov 63-Jan 64)
Battles: New Orleans (April 18-25, 1862); Vicksburg Bombardments (May 18-July 27, 1862); Chickasaw Bayou (December 27-29, 1862); Snyder's Mill (December 27, 1862); Fort Pemberton (March 11, 1863); Fort Pemberton (March 13, 1863); Fort Pemberton (March 16, 1863); Fort Pemberton (April 2, 1863); Fort Pemberton (April 4, 1863); Snyder's Bluff (April 30-May 1, 1863); Vicksburg Campaign (May-July 1863); Vicksburg Siege (May-July 1863)
From Bergeron, La. Confed. Units, 126-27:
"The regiment was organized at New Orleans on March 28, 1862, with 961 men. The men were trained to operate heavy artillery pieces, and they occupied several fortifications along the Louisiana coast during the Federal campaign against New Orleans. Company A was at Fort Pike and Companies B and C at Fort Macomb. Company D manned the ten guns at Battery Bienvenue. Company E held Tower Dupre, and Company F occupied the Proctorsville Battery. Companies H and I made up part of the garrison at Fort Jackson. The men of the two latter companies became prisoners when the fort surrendered on April 27. On April 25, Company F participated in the engagement with the Federal fleet at the McGehee Lines opposite Chalmette. The regiment reorganized at Camp Moore on May 24 and formed four companies. From Camp Moore, the regiment went to Vicksburg, Mississippi, and served in the river batteries there during the first Federal attack on the city, which ended on July 27. The four companies were consolidated into two and remained this way until November. At that time, the regiment moved to Snyder's Bluff above Vicksburg on the Yazoo River, and the four companies were restored to their separate organizations. Some of the men captured at Fort Jackson and at New Orleans joined the regiment at Snyder's Bluff. Enough men reported to necessitate the formation of a fifth company. The regiment fired on Federal gunboats and forced them to retreat on December 27. About January, 1863, the regiment's designation was changed to the 21st Louisiana Regiment. A detachment from the regiment participated in the defense of Fort Pemberton on the upper Yazoo River, March 11-17. The regiment repulsed a naval and land attack on Snyder's Bluff, April 30-May 1. When General Ulysses S. Grant's Union army neared Vicksburg, the regiment evacuated the works at Snyder's Bluff and reported for duty at the city. During the Siege of Vicksburg, May 19-July 4, the regiment, reinforced by two companies of the 22nd (old 23rd) Louisiana Regiment, held an earthwork on the Jackson Road known as Great Redoubt, or Fort Beauregard. During the siege, 16 men were killed, 50 were wounded, and 1 deserted. After the surrender, the men went into a parole camp at Enterprise. They remained there until January 26, 1864, at which time they were merged with the remnants of seven other regiments to form the 22nd Louisiana Consolidated Regiment."
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Early life and career
Harry Thompson Hays was born in Wilson County, Tennessee. His relatives had lived in a home known as the Hermitage, which was sold to Andrew Jackson in 1804 by Robert Hays, husband of Rachel Jackson's sister Jane Donelson.
Following the deaths of Harry's parents in 1833,[1][2] he was reared by an uncle in Wilkinson County, Mississippi. He attended St. Mary’s College in Baltimore, and studied law. Hays soon established a prominent law practice in New Orleans.
Hays saw his first military service during the Mexican-American War, serving in the 5th Louisiana Cavalry. Returning to Louisiana, Hays became active in politics as a Whig and served as a Presidential Elector supporting Winfield Scott in 1852. His brother was the famous Texas Ranger John Coffee Hays. Author Shelby Foote described him as a "Tennessee-born, Mississippi-raised, lawyer from New Orleans.
Civil War
In 1861, Hays entered the Confederate Army as colonel of the 7th Louisiana Infantry. Showing his attitude toward Northerners, Hays made the rogue's march of his regiment "Yankee Doodle," stating that "More rascals have marched to that tune in one day than to any other." After fighting at the First Battle of Bull Run and Stonewall Jackson's Shenandoah Valley Campaign of 1862, he suffered a severe wound at Port Republic.
Recovering from his injury, Hays was promoted to brigadier general on July 25, 1862 and assigned command of the First Louisiana Brigade, replacing Richard Taylor who had been promoted to major general and sent to the Western Theater. This brigade was known as the "Louisiana Tigers," having taken the name from the original battalion commanded by Roberdeau Wheat. Hays lost half of his unit a few months later at the Battle of Antietam. Despite reduced numbers, he continued to lead his brigade at Fredericksburg in December 1862 and Chancellorsville in May 1863.
At the Battle of Gettysburg in July 1863, after he had garrisoned the town, he directed his troops in a twilight assault on Cemetery Hill. The brigade stubbornly fought their way up the steep slope, and for a brief period of time held several Union guns there. However, as General Hays looked rearward, he was dismayed to see that no additional troops had been sent to his support. Reluctantly, and with casualties mounting, he ordered the remnant of his brigade to retire in the gathering darkness just as Federal reinforcements arrived to secure the heights. His brigade brought back several battle flags captured during the attack
the Battle of Gettysburg in July 1863, after he had garrisoned the town, he directed his troops in a twilight assault on Cemetery Hill. The brigade stubbornly fought their way up the steep slope, and for a brief period of time held several Union guns there. However, as General Hays looked rearward, he was dismayed to see that no additional troops had been sent to his support. Reluctantly, and with casualties mounting, he ordered the remnant of his brigade to retire in the gathering darkness just as Federal reinforcements arrived to secure the heights. His brigade brought back several battle flags captured during the attack
Hays was briefly captured in November 1863, at Rappahannock Station, but escaped. In fierce fighting at the Battle of the Wilderness on May 5, 1864, he lost a third of his remaining men. Five days later, he was badly wounded by a shell fragment at Spotsylvania Court House. He never again served in the Army of Northern Virginia. Upon his recovery, he was transferred to the Trans-Mississippi, then was assigned command in Louisiana.
On May 10, 1865, Hays was promoted to major general by his superior, General Edmund Kirby Smith, but with the demise of the Confederacy, this promotion never was formally approved by Confederate President Jefferson Davis or the Confederate Congress.
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Welcome to the Louisiana Militia
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Mustered in 889 men under Colonel Henry B. Kelly, Lt. Colonel Francis Nicholls and Major John Baptiste Eugene Prados. Seven companies mustered in for the duration of the war and the remaining three for three months.
July 17 Six companies of the regiment arrived at Manassas and were assigned to the brigade of Brigadier General Milledge Bonham.
July 21
Battle of Manassas (Bull Run)
Reserve Guard. Attached to 1st Louisiana Brigade.
October 21 The regiment was brigaded under Brigadier General Taylor with the 6th, 7th and 9th Louisiana Infantry Regiments and Wheat’s Battalion and was assigned to Ewell’s Division.
Winter Northern Virginia
1862
April Major Prados was defeated during the reorganization.
May
Shenandoah Valley Campaign
Attached to Taylor’s Louisiana Brigade of Ewell’s Division, which joined Jackson’s Army of the Valley in the Shenandoah.
May 7 Adjutant Trevanion D. Lewis was appointed major
May 23 Capture of Front Royal
May 25
First Battle of Winchester
Lt. Colonel Nicholls lost his left arm. Major Lewis took over command of the regiment.
May 30 Part of the regiment was captured at Front Royal.
June 1 Mount Caramel
June 8-9
Battles of Cross Keys and Port Republic
The regiment lost 9 men killed and 37 wounded
Seven Days Battles
The regiment lost 15 men killed and 69 wounded
June 27
Battle of Gaines’ Mill
July 1
Battle of Malvern Hill
August 9
Battle of Cedar Mountain
August 27-28 Bristoe Station and Kettle Run
August 29
Second Battle of Manassas
September 1
Battle of Chantilly
Maryland Campaign
The regiment lost 91 men as casualties
September 12-15
Siege and Capture of Harpers Ferry
September 17
Battle of Sharpsburg (Antietam)
Commanded by Major Tevannion D. Lewis. The regiment lost 103 casualties. Major Lewis was wounded.
October 15 Lt. Colonel Nicholls was promoted to brigadier general. Major Lewis was promoted to lieutenant colonel and Captain Alcibiades de Blanc was promoted to major
December 13
Battle of Fredericksburg
The regiment was in reserve and suffered no casualties
1863
January 19 Jubal Early was promoted to Major General. He had been commanding Ewell’s Division since Alexander Lawton was wounded at Sharpsburg. The division would be known afterwards as Early’s Division.
April 6 Colonel Kelly, who had frequently been absent due to illness, transferred to Military Court. Lieutenant Colonel Lewis was promoted to colonel, Major De Blanc promoted to lieutenant colonel and Captain German A. Lester of Company E to major.
May 3-4
Marye’s Heights and Salem Church (Chancellorsville Campaign)
The regiment lost 12 killed and 71 wounded. Colonel Lewis was captured, Lieutenant Colonel DeBlanc was captured at Banks Ford and Major Lester was wounded.
May 18 Colonel Lewis and Lieutenant Colonel De Blanc were paroled from Old Capitol Prison and rejoined the regiment.
June 13
Second Battle of Winchester
Hay’s Brigade circled around the west side of Winchester and assaulted the Star Fort on the northwest side of town. The 6th, 7th and 9th were in the front line with the 5th and 8th in support as the brigade stormed the fort, capturing its artillery and driving off the defenders. Captain Albert DeJean was killed.
July 1-3
Battle of Gettysburg
The regiment was commanded by Colonel Trevanion D. Lewis and brought 296 men to the field. On July 1st it helped crush the Union Eleventh Corps north of Gettysburg. It lost heavily in the July 2 evening attack on Cemetery Hill, losing its colors, 14 men killed, 50 wounded and 11 captured. Colonel Lewis, Captain Victor St. Martin and Lieutenant A. Randolph were killed and Lt. Colonel DeBlanc was wounded. Major German A. Lester took command of the regiment after the attack.
July Lieutenant Colonel De Blanc was promoted to Colonel while in the hospital at Lynchburg. He would not be able to return to the regiment. Major Lester was promoted to lieutenant colonel.
October 9-22 Battle of Bristoe Station
November 7
Battle of Rapahannock Station
The regiment was part of two brigades defending a bridgehead on the north bank of the Rappahannock River that was overrun in a rare night attack. Over 1,600 Confederate prisoners were taken from the eight understrength regiments defending the bridgehead, with only a few men swimming across the river at their backs. Of the 1200 men of Hays’ Louisiana Brigade, 699 were captured. The 8th Louisiana lost 162 men captured.
November-December Mine Run Campaign
1864
March 500 of the 699 men from the brigade captured at Rappahannock Station were exchanged and returned to duty
May 5
Battle of the WIlderness
May 8 The regiment with the rest of Hays’ Brigade was transferred to Johnson’s Division.
May 12
Battle of Spotsylvania Court House
The regiment fought in the defense of the Mule Shoe
June 1-3
Battle of Cold Harbor
Lieutenant Colonel Lester was killed on June 1
June Lynchburg Campaign
June The regiment moved to the Shenandoah Valley with the Second Corps to become part of Early’s Army of the Valley.
June 1864 Early’s Shenandoah Valley Campaign
Assigned to Hays’ Brigade (Colonel William R. Peck commanding) of Brigadier General Zebulon York’s Consolidated Louisiana Brigade in Gordon’s Division of the Army of the Valley
July 9
Battle of Monocacy
Commanded by Captain Louis Prados
August 15 Lieutenant Colonel De Blanc transferred to the Invalid Corps.
August 25 Shepherdstown
September 19
Third Battle of Winchester
September 21-22
Battle of Fisher’s Hill
October 19
Battle of Cedar Creek
October The ten regiments of the Louisiana brigade were reorganized as a battalion of six companies with less than 500 men, although it would continue to be referred to as a brigade. Colonel Raine Peck (at 6’3″ and 300 pounds known as “Big Peck”) was given command of the brigade.
December The regiment left the Army of the Valley and returned to the Petersburg defences with the remnants of the Second Corps
1865
January-March Siege of Petersburg
February 5-7
Battle of Hatcher’s Run
February 18 Colonel Peck promotd to brigadier general and transferred to the Western Theater. Colonel Eugene Waggaman of the 10th Louisiana was given command of the brigade of 400 men
March 25
Battle of Fort Stedman
April 2
Final Assault on Petersburg
April 6
Battle of Sayler’s Creek
April 9
Appomattox Court House
The regiment surrendered 3 officers and 54 enlisted men. The entire brigade ony had 373 men.
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Organization: Organized as the 22nd Infantry Regiment at New Orleans on March 28, 1862. This regiment serves as heavy artillery throughout its existence. Reorganized with four companies at Camp Moore on May 24, 1862. Reduced to two companies in July 1862. The four companies were reconstituted in November 1862. Increased to five companies in December 1862. Designated as the 21st Infantry Regiment ca. January 1863. Regiment surrendered at Vicksburg, Warren County, Mississippi on July 4, 1863. Paroled at Vicksburg, Warren County, Mississippi in July 1863. Declared exchanged on September 12, 1863. Consolidated with those portions of the 3rd, 17th, 22nd (Theard's-Herrick's), 26th, 27th, 29th, and 31st Infantry Regiments east of the Mississippi River and designated as the 22nd Consolidated Infantry Regiment at Enterprise, Mississippi on January 26, 1864. This regiment became Companies I & K of the new regiment.
First Commander: Martin L. Smith, COL [promoted BG, April 11, 1862]
Field Officers: Edward Higgins, LTC, COL [April 11, 1862; transferred ?]; Edward Ivy, MAJ, LTC [April 11, 1862; transferred ?]; Isaac W. Patton, COL [?]; John T. Plattsmier, LTC [?]; George Purvis, MAJ [April 11, 1862]; Richard L. Robertson, MAJ [?]
Assignments: Coast Defenses, Department #1 (Mar-May 62); Department #1 (May 62); Defenses of Vicksburg, Department #1 (May-Jun 62); Department of Southern Mississippi and East Louisiana (Jun-Jul 62); 2nd/3rd Sub-district, District of the Mississippi, Department #2 (Jul-Oct 62); Department of Mississippi and East Louisiana (Oct 62); 2nd Military District, Department of Mississippi and East Louisiana (Oct-Dec 62); Higgins' Brigade, Lee's Provisional Division, 2nd Military District, Department of Mississippi and East Louisiana (Dec 62); Lee's Brigade, 2nd Military District, Department of Mississippi and East Louisiana (Dec 62-Jan 63); Lee's Brigade, Smith's Division, 2nd Military District, Department of Mississippi and East Louisiana (Jan-Feb 63); HEBERT's Brigade, Maury's Division, 2nd Military District, Department of Mississippi and East Louisiana (Mar-Apr 63); HEBERT's Brigade, Maury's Division, Department of Mississippi and East Louisiana (Apr-Jul 63); Mackall's Brigade, Forney's Division (Nov 63-Jan 64)
Battles: New Orleans (April 18-25, 1862); Vicksburg Bombardments (May 18-July 27, 1862); Chickasaw Bayou (December 27-29, 1862); Snyder's Mill (December 27, 1862); Fort Pemberton (March 11, 1863); Fort Pemberton (March 13, 1863); Fort Pemberton (March 16, 1863); Fort Pemberton (April 2, 1863); Fort Pemberton (April 4, 1863); Snyder's Bluff (April 30-May 1, 1863); Vicksburg Campaign (May-July 1863); Vicksburg Siege (May-July 1863)
From Bergeron, La. Confed. Units, 126-27:
"The regiment was organized at New Orleans on March 28, 1862, with 961 men. The men were trained to operate heavy artillery pieces, and they occupied several fortifications along the Louisiana coast during the Federal campaign against New Orleans. Company A was at Fort Pike and Companies B and C at Fort Macomb. Company D manned the ten guns at Battery Bienvenue. Company E held Tower Dupre, and Company F occupied the Proctorsville Battery. Companies H and I made up part of the garrison at Fort Jackson. The men of the two latter companies became prisoners when the fort surrendered on April 27. On April 25, Company F participated in the engagement with the Federal fleet at the McGehee Lines opposite Chalmette. The regiment reorganized at Camp Moore on May 24 and formed four companies. From Camp Moore, the regiment went to Vicksburg, Mississippi, and served in the river batteries there during the first Federal attack on the city, which ended on July 27. The four companies were consolidated into two and remained this way until November. At that time, the regiment moved to Snyder's Bluff above Vicksburg on the Yazoo River, and the four companies were restored to their separate organizations. Some of the men captured at Fort Jackson and at New Orleans joined the regiment at Snyder's Bluff. Enough men reported to necessitate the formation of a fifth company. The regiment fired on Federal gunboats and forced them to retreat on December 27. About January, 1863, the regiment's designation was changed to the 21st Louisiana Regiment. A detachment from the regiment participated in the defense of Fort Pemberton on the upper Yazoo River, March 11-17. The regiment repulsed a naval and land attack on Snyder's Bluff, April 30-May 1. When General Ulysses S. Grant's Union army neared Vicksburg, the regiment evacuated the works at Snyder's Bluff and reported for duty at the city. During the Siege of Vicksburg, May 19-July 4, the regiment, reinforced by two companies of the 22nd (old 23rd) Louisiana Regiment, held an earthwork on the Jackson Road known as Great Redoubt, or Fort Beauregard. During the siege, 16 men were killed, 50 were wounded, and 1 deserted. After the surrender, the men went into a parole camp at Enterprise. They remained there until January 26, 1864, at which time they were merged with the remnants of seven other regiments to form the 22nd Louisiana Consolidated Regiment."
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Early life and career
Harry Thompson Hays was born in Wilson County, Tennessee. His relatives had lived in a home known as the Hermitage, which was sold to Andrew Jackson in 1804 by Robert Hays, husband of Rachel Jackson's sister Jane Donelson.
Following the deaths of Harry's parents in 1833,[1][2] he was reared by an uncle in Wilkinson County, Mississippi. He attended St. Mary’s College in Baltimore, and studied law. Hays soon established a prominent law practice in New Orleans.
Hays saw his first military service during the Mexican-American War, serving in the 5th Louisiana Cavalry. Returning to Louisiana, Hays became active in politics as a Whig and served as a Presidential Elector supporting Winfield Scott in 1852. His brother was the famous Texas Ranger John Coffee Hays. Author Shelby Foote described him as a "Tennessee-born, Mississippi-raised, lawyer from New Orleans.
Civil War
In 1861, Hays entered the Confederate Army as colonel of the 7th Louisiana Infantry. Showing his attitude toward Northerners, Hays made the rogue's march of his regiment "Yankee Doodle," stating that "More rascals have marched to that tune in one day than to any other." After fighting at the First Battle of Bull Run and Stonewall Jackson's Shenandoah Valley Campaign of 1862, he suffered a severe wound at Port Republic.
Recovering from his injury, Hays was promoted to brigadier general on July 25, 1862 and assigned command of the First Louisiana Brigade, replacing Richard Taylor who had been promoted to major general and sent to the Western Theater. This brigade was known as the "Louisiana Tigers," having taken the name from the original battalion commanded by Roberdeau Wheat. Hays lost half of his unit a few months later at the Battle of Antietam. Despite reduced numbers, he continued to lead his brigade at Fredericksburg in December 1862 and Chancellorsville in May 1863.
At the Battle of Gettysburg in July 1863, after he had garrisoned the town, he directed his troops in a twilight assault on Cemetery Hill. The brigade stubbornly fought their way up the steep slope, and for a brief period of time held several Union guns there. However, as General Hays looked rearward, he was dismayed to see that no additional troops had been sent to his support. Reluctantly, and with casualties mounting, he ordered the remnant of his brigade to retire in the gathering darkness just as Federal reinforcements arrived to secure the heights. His brigade brought back several battle flags captured during the attack
the Battle of Gettysburg in July 1863, after he had garrisoned the town, he directed his troops in a twilight assault on Cemetery Hill. The brigade stubbornly fought their way up the steep slope, and for a brief period of time held several Union guns there. However, as General Hays looked rearward, he was dismayed to see that no additional troops had been sent to his support. Reluctantly, and with casualties mounting, he ordered the remnant of his brigade to retire in the gathering darkness just as Federal reinforcements arrived to secure the heights. His brigade brought back several battle flags captured during the attack
Hays was briefly captured in November 1863, at Rappahannock Station, but escaped. In fierce fighting at the Battle of the Wilderness on May 5, 1864, he lost a third of his remaining men. Five days later, he was badly wounded by a shell fragment at Spotsylvania Court House. He never again served in the Army of Northern Virginia. Upon his recovery, he was transferred to the Trans-Mississippi, then was assigned command in Louisiana.
On May 10, 1865, Hays was promoted to major general by his superior, General Edmund Kirby Smith, but with the demise of the Confederacy, this promotion never was formally approved by Confederate President Jefferson Davis or the Confederate Congress.
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